Estimation of Exposure To Persistent Organic Pollutants and Associated Health Risks
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Date
2024
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01. Izmir Institute of Technology
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Abstract
Kalıcı Organik Kirleticiler (POPs), çevresel bozunmaya karşı dirençli, uzun mesafeler boyunca taşınabilen ve organik maddelere olan yüksek afiniteleri nedeniyle çevresel ortamlarda ve gıda zincirinde biriken, küresel olarak yaygın maddeler oldukları için insan sağlığı açısından önemli riskler oluşturur. Pertikül ve hava, toprak ve hava, sedimen ve su arasında dağıldıkları için tarım ürünlerinde, etlerde ve deniz ve tatlı su ürünlerinde bulunurlar. Bu da yutma, soluma ve deri teması yoluyla maruziyete ve sağlık risklerine yol açar. Sonuç olarak, mümkün olduğunca çok sayıda POP grubunu araştırmak için kapsamlı bir tarama çalışması tasarlanmıştır. İzmir'de rastgele seçilen ev ve okullardan, iç ve dış mekan havasıyla beraber çökelmiş toz ve yemek örnekleri toplanmıştır. Ayrıca, kafe/bar/restoranlardan iç mekan çökelmiş toz örnekleri toplanmıştır. Örnekler hazırlık, ekstraksiyon ve temizleme işleminden geçirildikten sonra, PAH'lar, PCB'ler, PBDE'ler, NBFR'ler ve OPFR'lerin hedef bileşikleri GC/MS cihazıyla analiz edilmiştir. Ölçülen konsantrasyonlar ve toplanan maruziyetle ilgili anket bilgileri, USEPA maruziyet-risk modellerine girdi değişkenleri olarak kullanılarak yutma ve soluma maruziyetlerini (kronik günlük alım) Monte Carlo yöntemi kullanılarak ilgili sağlık riskleri simüle edilmiştir. Örnekleme yerleri, kentleşmenin etkisini araştırmak için kırsal, banliyö, kentsel alanlar ve bir sanayi bölgesinin rüzgaraltı yerleri arasında mekansal olarak dağıtılmıştır. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, küresel literatüre girmiş çalışmalar arasında çevresel ve gıda örneklerinde analiz edilen bu kadar yüksek sayıda hedef POP bileşiği düzeyleri konusunda bilgi veren en kapsamlı veriseti oluşturulmuştur.
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) pose significant human health risks due to their global ubiquity, resistance to environmental degradation, long-range transport, and tendency to accumulate in the environment and food chain because of their affinity for organic matter. They partition between gas and particulate, soil and air, and sediment and water, leading to their presence in agricultural products, meat, and marine and freshwater products. This results in exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Consequently, a comprehensive screening study was designed to investigate as many groups of POPs as possible. Samples of food, indoor and outdoor air, and settled dust were collected from randomly selected homes and schools in Izmir. Additionally, indoor settled dust samples were collected from cafes, bars, and restaurants. Samples were analyzed using GC/MS for target congeners of PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, NBFRs, and OPFRs. The measured concentrations and collected survey data were used as input variables for USEPA exposure-risk models to simulate ingestion and inhalation exposures (chronic daily intake), as well as associated health risks using the Monte Carlo simulation. Sampling locations were strategically distributed among rural, suburban, urban areas, and areas downwind of an industrial site to assess the impact of urbanization. Within the scope of this thesis work, the most comprehensive dataset has been generated among studies that have entered the global literature, providing information on the levels of such a high number of target POPs analyzed in environmental and food samples.
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) pose significant human health risks due to their global ubiquity, resistance to environmental degradation, long-range transport, and tendency to accumulate in the environment and food chain because of their affinity for organic matter. They partition between gas and particulate, soil and air, and sediment and water, leading to their presence in agricultural products, meat, and marine and freshwater products. This results in exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Consequently, a comprehensive screening study was designed to investigate as many groups of POPs as possible. Samples of food, indoor and outdoor air, and settled dust were collected from randomly selected homes and schools in Izmir. Additionally, indoor settled dust samples were collected from cafes, bars, and restaurants. Samples were analyzed using GC/MS for target congeners of PAHs, PCBs, PBDEs, NBFRs, and OPFRs. The measured concentrations and collected survey data were used as input variables for USEPA exposure-risk models to simulate ingestion and inhalation exposures (chronic daily intake), as well as associated health risks using the Monte Carlo simulation. Sampling locations were strategically distributed among rural, suburban, urban areas, and areas downwind of an industrial site to assess the impact of urbanization. Within the scope of this thesis work, the most comprehensive dataset has been generated among studies that have entered the global literature, providing information on the levels of such a high number of target POPs analyzed in environmental and food samples.
Description
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 174-191)
Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering, İzmir, 2024
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 174-191)
Thesis (Doctoral)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Environmental Engineering, İzmir, 2024
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Keywords
Persistent pollutants, Organic water pollutants, Environmental aspects, Air, Pollution., Environmental Engineering, Air pollutants, Micropollutants, Organic pollutants
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204