Devlopment of Solid Acid Catalysts for Cellulose Acetate Production

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2022-06

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Izmir Institute of Technology

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Cellulose acetate (CA) is one of the most commercially important cellulose derivatives with a wide range of applications in various industries. As a green approach, the development of heterogeneous solid acid catalysts for cellulose acetate production is important. The objective of the present thesis is to develop active and stable mesoporous solid acid catalysts for solventless cellulose acetate production with acetic anhydride from microcrystalline cellulose. As catalyst sulfating agents, ammonium sulfate and chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) were applied. Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) sulfated catalysts are La incorporated titania-silica (SO4/La-TiO2-SiO2), sulfated titania-silica (SO4/TiO2-SiO2), and sulfated Ti-SBA-15 (SO4/Ti-SBA-15), whereas the CSA/Ti-SBA-15 catalysts were sulfated by chlorosulfonic acid. The effect of Si/Ti mole ratios (6, 10, 20) on the stability of CSA/Ti-SBA-15 catalysts was investigated. Activity and stability of the catalysts were tested in the cellulose acetylation reaction by acetic anhydride at 80 oC with a 10:1 acetic anhydride to cellulose AGU mole ratio. The effect of reaction time (2, 4, 6, and 8 h) and amount of catalyst (0.10, 0.25, and 0.5 g) on the reaction were investigated. Synthesized cellulose acetate samples were analyzed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, and TGA. CSA/Ti-SBA-15 (10) was found to be the most active and stable catalyst with 2.84 % leaching, 89.6 % conversion, 74.6 % yield, and DS of 2.69. The activity and stability of CSA/Ti-SBA-15 (10) catalyst were further investigated after its treatment with acetone. At the end of the 3rd cycle, A-CSA/Ti-SBA-15 (10) was found as an active and stable catalyst with 58.6% cellulose conversion, 50% CA yield, DS of 2.62, and 1.68% sulfur leaching.
Selüloz asetat (CA), çeşitli endüstrilerde geniş bir uygulama yelpazesine sahip ticari olarak en önemli selüloz türevlerinden biridir. Yeşil bir yaklaşım olarak, selüloz asetat üretimi için heterojen katı asit katalizörlerinin geliştirilmesi önemlidir. Bu tezin amacı, mikrokristalin selülozdan asetik anhidrit ile solventsiz selüloz asetat üretimi için aktif ve kararlı heterojen katı asit katalizörleri geliştirmektir. Katalizör sülfatlama kaynağı olarak amonyum sülfat ve klorosülfonik asit (CSA) kullanılmıştır. Amonyum sülfat ((NH₄)₂SO₄) ile sülfatlanmış katalizörler, La dahil edilmiş titanya-silika (SO4/La-TiO2-SiO2), sülfatlanmış titanya-silika (SO4/TiO2-SiO2) ve sülfatlanmış Ti-SBA-15'tir (SO4/Ti-SBA-15). CSA/Ti-SBA-15 katalizörleri ise klorosülfonik asit ile sülfatlanmıştır. Si/Ti mol oranlarının (6, 10, 20) CSA/Ti-SBA-15 katalizörlerinin stabilitesi üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Katalizörlerin aktivitesi ve stabilitesi, 10:1 asetik anhidrit/selüloz AGU mol oranı ile 80 °C'de asetik anhidrit ile selüloz asetilasyon reaksiyonunda test edilmiştir. Reaksiyon süresinin (2, 4, 6 ve 8 saat) ve katalizör miktarının (0.10, 0.25 ve 0.5 g) reaksiyon üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Sentezlenen selüloz asetat numuneleri FT-IR, 1H-NMR ve TGA ile analiz edilmiştir. CSA/Ti-SBA-15 (10) katalizörü, %2.84 liç, %89.6 dönüşüm, %74.6 verim ve 2.69 DS ile en aktif ve kararlı katalizör olarak bulunmuştur. CSA/Ti-SBA-15 (10) katalizörünün aktivitesi ve stabilitesi aseton ile muamele edildikten sonra da araştırılmıştır. 3. reaksiyon döngüsü sonunda A-CSA/Ti-SBA-15 (10) katalizörünün %58.6 selüloz dönüşümü, %50 CA verimi, 2.62 DS ve %1.68 kükürt liçi ile aktif ve kararlı bir katalizör olduğu bulunmuştur.

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Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Chemical Engineering, Izmir, 2022
Includes bibliographical references (leaves. 68-74)
Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and English

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Solid acid catalyst, Cellulose acetate, Ammonium sulfate

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