Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11147/4695
Title: Reducing marble-SO2 reaction rate by the application of certain surfactants
Authors: Böke, Hasan
Gauri, K. Lal
Keywords: Gypsum
Marble
Oleate
Oxalate
Sulfur dioxide
Air pollution
Publisher: Springer Verlag
Source: Böke, H., and Gauri, K. L. (2003). Reducing marble-SO2 reaction rate by the application of certain surfactants. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 142(1-4), 59-70. doi:10.1023/A:1022016513965
Abstract: Sulfur dioxide (SO2), prevalent in the modern urban environment of industrial countries, attacks calcite (CaCO3) in marble. As a result, a gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) crust is produced at rain-sheltered surfaces while areas exposed to rain experience accelerated erosion. We have investigated the effect of certain surfactants as protective agents against SO2 attack. We report that the anions oxalate (C2O4-2) and oleate (C17H33COO-) from solutions of their highly soluble alkali salt species are able to replace carbonate (CO3-2) in calcite producing less reactive substrate of oxalate and oleate of calcium. Experiments to measure the protection obtained by these treatments were carried out in the laboratory and field conditions at nearly 1 ppm and 10 ppb SO2 concentrations, respectively. We found that these treatments provided significant protection to marble exposed in sheltered areas, up to 30% reduction of reaction rate by treatment with 2 × 10-4 M sodium oleate and up to 14% by a 2 × 10-3 M with potassium oxalate solutions, but become ineffective over long term exposure when applied to surfaces exposed to rain. Carrara marble was used in the reported study. Ion chromatography was the analytical tool, which allowed precise measurements of ionic concentrations of these salts, the amount of their uptake by marble, and the thickness of the gypsum crust. X-ray diffraction allowed determination of the new minerals formed at the marble surface by the treatment with surfactants.
URI: http://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022016513965
http://hdl.handle.net/11147/4695
ISSN: 0049-6979
0049-6979
Appears in Collections:Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage / Kültür Varlıklarını Koruma ve Onarım
Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection
Sürdürülebilir Yeşil Kampüs Koleksiyonu / Sustainable Green Campus Collection
WoS İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / WoS Indexed Publications Collection

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