Velibeyoǧlu, Koray2025-09-252025-09-25200897815990495029781599049496https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-949-6.ch191https://hdl.handle.net/11147/18427Since the end of 1980s, different sectors have implemented geographical information systems (GIS) in Turkey. A study on GIS market in Turkey indicates that municipalities are the primary customers (Gülersoy & Yigiter, 1999). One of the earliest GIS projects in Turkey began with the production of digital maps covering the boundaries of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality in 1987. Since 1994, a rapid development process has occurred with the widespread diffusion of GIS especially in universities and large public sector organizations respectively. However, the early city-wide municipal GIS projects were initiated only after 1996 (Ucuzal, 1999). © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessInformation SystemsInformation UseDevelopment ProcessDigital MapGeographical InformationInformation System ProjectsIstanbulLocal GovernmentMetropolitan MunicipalitiesPublic Sector OrganizationTurkishUrban Information SystemGeographic Information SystemsBook Part2-s2.0-10501407664910.4018/978-1-59904-949-6.ch191