Scopus İndeksli Yayınlar Koleksiyonu / Scopus Indexed Publications Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/11147/7148

Browse

Now showing 1 - 20 of 7505

Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Columns Using Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Fibers: A Preliminary Numerical Study
(fib. The International Federation for Structural Concrete, 2025) Dalgic, K.D.; Gozun, U.; Simsek, B.; Sencar, I.; Ispir, M.; Ilki, A.
Strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) columns, which have inadequate capacities of deformation and axial/lateral load, using carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) has become widespread. However, concerns about cost, energy sustainability and environmental impact have led to increased interest in alternative fibers, such as recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers, instead of high-tech, carbon-intensive materials. This study presents preliminary numerical analyses on the use of PET fibers recycled from tire industry waste in Türkiye to strengthen substandard RC columns. The numerical analyses of the column models were performed under axial and horizontal loads. The results show that even small amounts of PET-FRP fibers can significantly improve both lateral load and deformation capacities of RC column, indicating the development of strengthening strategies for upcoming column tests. Based on the results of numerical studies, an experimental program for quasistatic testing of substandard RC columns has been planned. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Measuring the Size of Change Requests in Microservice-Based Software Projects
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2026) Yenel, M.; Ünlu, H.; Demirors, O.
Accurately estimating the effort required for implementing change requests remains a critical challenge in software engineering, especially in microservice-based software architectures (MSSA). Traditional functional size measurement methods often fail to capture the distinct characteristics of MSSAs. To address this limitation, we propose a change size measurement method based on MicroM, a size measurement approach specifically developed for MSSAs. The proposed method counts added, deleted, and modified events across functional, architectural, and algorithmic levels, and includes the number of affected initial requirements. We conducted an exploratory case study with 18 change requests and built four regression-based effort estimation models. The results show that combining event counts with the number of affected requirements improves estimation accuracy. Our method provides a more precise and context-aware way to estimate change-related effort in MSSA projects. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Enhancing Biomass Pyrolysis Via Microwave Heating: a CFD-DEM Study on Intensification in Fluidized Beds
(Elsevier Ltd, 2026) Hamidani, G.; Kazemi, S.; Eslami, A.; Zarghami, R.; Sotudeh-Gharebagh, R.; Mostoufi, N.
Biomass conversion into high-value products in fluidized beds can be significantly improved by utilizing microwave irradiation as the heating source. The present work studied microwave-assisted biomass pyrolysis using a coupled CFD-DEM model in a fluidized bed. The effect of key operating parameters, including inlet gas velocity (1.5, 2, and 2.5 times the minimum fluidization velocity), mean particle diameter (1.2, 1.3, and 1.5 mm), and microwave power input (200, 400, and 600 W), was evaluated on the performance of the reactor. The results revealed that higher microwave power increased the mean particle temperature and chemical conversion rate due to greater internal energy generation within the biomass particles. Increasing the gas velocity led to lower particle temperature because of enhanced convective heat transfer to the gas phase, and improved the uniformity of temperature and conversion distributions. Furthermore, decreasing the mean particle diameter from 1.5 to 1.2 mm increased the average temperature, from 890 to 987 K, and raised biomass conversion from 14.8 to 18.1 %, mainly by reducing convective heat losses. The validated model developed in this study enables accurate predictions of process behavior and provides valuable insights for optimizing microwave-assisted biomass pyrolysis in fluidized beds. These findings highlight the potential of microwave-assisted fluidized bed pyrolysis as an efficient technique for process intensification in producing valuable bio-based products. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Automating Software Size Measurement With Language Models: Insights From Industrial Case Studies
(Elsevier Inc., 2026) Ünlu, H.; Tenekeci, S.; Kennouche, D.E.; Demirors, O.
Objective software size measurement is critical for accurate effort estimation, yet many organizations avoid it due to high costs, required expertise, and time-consuming manual effort. This often leads to vague predictions, poor planning, and project overruns. To address this challenge, we investigate the use of pre-trained language models — BERT and SE-BERT — to automate size measurement based on textual requirements using COSMIC and MicroM methods. We constructed one heterogeneous dataset and two industrial datasets, each manually measured by experienced analysts. Models were evaluated in three settings: (i) generic model evaluation, where the models are trained and tested on heterogeneous data, (ii) internal evaluation, where the models are trained and tested on organization-specific data, and (iii) external evaluation, where generic models were tested on organization-specific data. Results show that organization-specific models significantly outperform generic models, indicating that aligning training data with the target organization's requirement style is critical for accuracy. SE-BERT, a domain-adapted variant of BERT, improves performance, particularly in low-resource settings. These findings highlight the practical potential of tailoring training data for broader adoption and cost-effective software size measurement in industrial contexts. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Amino Acid Selection Altered Silver Nanoparticles Morphology and Formation of Silver Oxide Layers
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025) Bolat, Ş.; Sancak, Z.; Gumus, A.; Yazgan, I.
Amino acids are not just monomers of proteins, but they can also carry biological functions. L-cysteine (Cys), L-proline (Pro), L-asparagine (Asn), and L-glutamic acid (Glu) were used to evaluate how different amino acid chemistries alter the morphology and size of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized in the presence of two carbohydrate ligands, which were lactose methoxyaniline (LMA) and galactose 5-aminosalicylic acid (G5AS). UV–vis, infrared (IR), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations revealed that the effect of amino acids on the characteristics of the AgNPs showed dependence on the carbohydrate ligand chemistry. In the case of LMA, AgNPs shifted from aggregates to anisotropic nanoparticles, larger aggregates, and a mixture of anisotropic and 1D nanoparticles in the presence of Cys, Glu, Asn and Pro amino acids, respectively. In contrast to this, the introduction of Cys and Asn caused the formation of cluster-like AgNPs and larger rounded nanoparticles, while G5AS-synthesized AgNPs were multigonal 0D particles. Moreover, Glu and Pro contributed the resistance of silver oxide formation on the particles. Antibacterial characterization showed that LMA_Glu_AgNPs were the most effective ones, while LMA_Cys_AgNPs and G5AS_Cys_AgNPs, which were the smallest AgNPs, did not show any significant antibacterial activity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Ranking Circularity Levels in Industrial Parks: A Holistic Approach Incorporating Environmental, Economic and Social Indicators
(Springer, 2025) Berk, I.; Ediger, V.Ş.; Öztürk, E.B.; Uctug, F.G.; Kucuker, M.A.; Inan, A.; Aktuna, G.B.
This study introduces a circularity ranking system at the meso-level, specifically targeting industrial parks, through the development of the Circular Economy Sustainability Index (CESI). The index comprises five economic-environmental indicators: energy intensity, emission intensity, water intensity, waste intensity, and recycling ratio, as well as a social indicator as a sixth dimension. We utilize CESI to evaluate the circular economy performance of 22 manufacturing firms in the Adana Hacı Sabancı Organized Industrial Zone (AOSB). AOSB, one of the most prominent industrial parks in Türkiye, serves as an excellent case study to assess companies’ circularity performance and identify areas for improvement in the country’s green industrial transformation endeavor. Our findings reveal that waste and recycling indicators are pivotal in determining circularity, contributing 34.6% to the overall score, while the social indicator adds another 16.3%. These results underscore the significance of effective waste management and social responsibility in enhancing circularity. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Optimized Cooperative Routing for Autonomous Vehicles
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Saydam, B.; Ayav, T.
Current traffic control systems - comprising traffic lights, signs, and right-of-way rules - are often inadequate, leading to accidents, excessive fuel consumption, and unnecessary delays. Three key scenarios contribute to these inefficiencies. First, drivers may run red lights due to a lack of traffic signal timing information, leading to indecision when encountering a yellow light, a major cause of accidents. Second, abrupt speed changes in response to traffic signals force drivers to brake suddenly, increasing fuel consumption and travel time. For instance, a driver may accelerate at a green light only to encounter a red light shortly after, resulting in inefficient fuel use. Lastly, vehicles often remain stopped at red lights despite no cross-traffic, leading to wasted fuel and time.This study simulates these scenarios using the Eclipse SUMO tool, with results aligning with expected inefficiencies. The problem is mathematically modeled using Pyomo, and a centralized optimization approach is applied to enhance traffic synchronization and efficiency. By dynamically calculating vehicle velocities based on real-time traffic data, the study proposes an optimized, traffic light-free system. The results demonstrate improved fuel efficiency, reduced accidents, and minimized delays, highlighting the potential of centralized optimization in modern traffic management. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Avoidance of Feature Configuration Faults in Software Product Lines
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2025) Ergün, B.; Tuglular, T.; Belli, F.
This paper presents a validation approach to feature selection in software product lines (SPL). SPLs consist of similar products tailored to different needs, while SPLs sharing a common platform where feature configurations define product families. Validating feature configurations is critical to avoid defective shipments, recalls, and disposal. Exhaustive, pairwise, and combinatorial testing, among others, aim at ensuring configuration correctness. This paper introduces a novel method for improving feature selection and validation in SPLs by minimizing redundancy while ensuring configurations align with customer needs. The method emphasizes uncovering the differences in feature structures through "complex"and "simple"models, which helps identify and helps identify and tolerate potential errors arising from incorrect feature configurations. This ensures broader coverage while effectively managing dependencies. A case study using the Access Point (AP) SPL model, which is a networking device designed to enhance the strength of an existing wireless signal and expand its coverage area. The AP can enable or disable specific features on AP SPL depending on the characteristics of the third-party gateway with which it is integrated. AP SPL model with 66 features lead to 266 configurations, generated by Exhaustive Testing. Pairwise testing achieves 87% coverage with 132 test cases, while combinatorial testing reaches 94% with 45,760 cases. Our method ensures 100% feature coverage with just 3 test configurations. Thus, the approach introduced in this paper enhances product quality while reducing costs by avoiding redundant tests, making the approaches valuable for large-scale SPLs. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
A Proposal of Indoor Air Pollutant Limit Values for Turkish Schools Based on a Literature Review of Emission Sources, Concentrations, Health Effects, and Limits/Guidelines
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Sofuoglu, S.C.; Arı, A.; Ylmaz Civan, M.; Dumanoğlu, Y.; Güllü, G.; Menteşe, S.; Toksoy, M.
Limit Values Working Group (LVWG) was established under Indoor Air Quality Committee of Turkish Climatization Assembly of the Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye. LVWG was tasked with reviewing the pertinent literature on indoor emission sources, concentrations in schools, health effects, and existing limit and guideline values to identify the indoor air pollutants that need to be addressed and to be recommended a limit value for Turkish schools. LVWG members took responsibilities based on their individual expertise. The recommendations were concluded in consensus decision-making after in-group discussions. A total of 19 pollutants/pollutant groups (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, radon, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, trihalomethanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, brominated flame retardants, organophosphate esters, phthalate esters, particulate matter, bioaerosols (bacteria, fungi, viruses), microbial pollutants and allergens) were reviewed. Limit values were recommended for 11 pollutants/groups based on the current knowledge, i.e. pollutant health effects and indoor air concentrations taking into account the exposure duration, the prevalence of existing limit/guideline values and the health effects on which they are based. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Binet–Fibonacci Calculus and N = 2 Supersymmetric Golden Quantum Oscillator
(Springer, 2025) Pashaev, O.K.
The Binet-Fibonacci calculus, as φφ′-two base quantum calculus, relates Fibonacci derivative with Binet formula of Fibonacci number operator, acting in Fock space of quantum states. It provides a tool to study the Golden oscillator with energy spectrum in form of Fibonacci numbers. Here we generalize this model to supersymmetric number operator and corresponding Binet formula for supersymmetric Fibonacci operator FN. It determines the Hamiltonian of supersymmetric Golden oscillator, acting in Hf⊗Hb-fermion-boson Hilbert space and belonging to N=2 supersymmetric algebra. Trace on fermions of this model reduces the Hamiltonian to the Golden oscillator. The eigenstates of the super Fibonacci number operator are double degenerate and can be characterized by a point of the super-Bloch sphere. By the supersymmetric Fibonacci annihilation operator, we construct the coherent states as eigenstates of this operator. Entanglement of fermions with bosons in these states is calculated by the concurrence, represented by the Gram determinant and Fibonacci exponential functions. These functions have been appeared as descriptive for inner product of the Golden coherent states in Fock–Bargmann representation. The reference state, coming from the limit α→0 and corresponding von Neumann entropy, measuring fermion-boson entanglement, are characterized by the Golden ratio. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Geometry and Entanglement of Super-Qubit Quantum States
(Springer, 2025) Pashaev, O.K.; Kocak, A.
We introduce the super-qubit quantum state, determined by superposition of the zero and the one super-particle states, which can be represented by points on the super-Bloch sphere. In contrast to the one qubit case, the one super-particle state is characterized by points in extended complex plane, equivalent to another super-Bloch sphere. Then, geometrically, the super-qubit quantum state is represented by two unit spheres, or the direct product of two Bloch spheres. By using the displacement operator, acting on the super-qubit state as the reference state, we construct the super-coherent states, becoming eigenstates of the super-annihilation operator, and characterized by three complex numbers. The states are fermion-boson entangled, and the concurrence of states is the product of two concurrences, corresponding to two Bloch spheres. We show geometrical meaning of concurrence as distance from point-state on the sphere to vertical axes. Then, probabilities of collapse to the north pole state and to the south pole state are equal to half-distances from vertical coordinate of the state to corresponding points at the poles. For complimentary fermion number operator, we get the flipped super-qubit state and corresponding super-coherent state, as eigenstate of transposed super-annihilation operator. The infinite set of Fibonacci oscillating circles in complex plane, describing quantum states with uncertainty relations as the ratio of two Fibonacci numbers, and in the limit at infinity becoming the Golden Ration uncertainty, is derived. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Preface of Special Issue: Recent Advances in Cancer Biosensors & Diagnostics
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Yildiz, A.A.; Parlak, O.; Gürsan, A.E.
Velocity-Level Kinematics of a Continuously Variable Transmission System for Phri
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Mobedi, E.; Dede, M.I.C.
New generation robots pave the way for physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) through improvements in control and design techniques. While the former is achieved with the help of a number of sensory information, variable stiffness actuators (VSA) are exploited for the design of these robots to achieve inherent compliance. Recently, continuously variable transmission-based VSA has been developed to be used for pHRI, specifically for haptics. The fundamental characteristic of this new CVT mechanism is that it regulates output position and torque independently via the sphere transmission element. In this study, velocity-level kinematics of this new CVT system is carried out to demonstrate its step-less speed variation feature. Moreover, simulations are conducted in ADAMS and Solidworks software packages at 8 transmission points selected unequally. Results show that the average value of overall ADAMS and Solidworks errors computed with respect to the computed velocity are reported as 1.09%, and 0.53%, respectively. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Detection of Sub-Superficial Defects by Infrared Thermography in Parts Made by Powder Bed Fusion With Electron Beam
(Association of American Publishers, 2025) Defanti, S.; Simone, D.E.; Rizza, G.; Colombini, G.; Tognoli, E.; Gürbüz, A.A.; Iuliano, L.
This study explores infrared thermography as a cost-effective alternative to computed tomography for detecting subsurface defects in parts produced by powder bed fusion with an electron beam (PBF-EB). Ti6Al4V specimens were produced with designed defects that mimic subsurface pores or discontinuities whose size and depth are typical of PBF-EB. Computed tomography (CT-scan) was used to collect information on the defect dimensions and coordinates accurately. The same samples were therefore analysed using Joule heating infrared thermography, applying electric current while an infrared camera recorded the temperature development on the surface of the sample. The joint analysis of CT scan and thermography data provided a comprehensive study on the limits of the inspection technologies, PBF-EB process, and measuring system in terms of defect size, depth, and the size-to-depth ratio. The results showed that the surface characteristics of the PBF-EB are critical for thermography. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Evaluating the Seismic Performance of Advanced Tuned Mass Dampers Considering Soil–Structure Interaction Effect
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2025) Shahraki, M.A.; Roozbahan, M.
This study examines the seismic effectiveness of four different tuned mass damper (TMD) configurations: classical TMD, Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (TMDI), Elastoplastic Tuned Mass Damper Inerter (PTMDI), and Dual-Stiffness Tuned Mass Damper (DSTMD), focusing on their ability to reduce structural responses. A model of a 10-story steel shear frame is used, accounting for soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect to represent realistic conditions. The damper parameters are optimized using the Mouth Brooding Fish (MBF) algorithm with a hybrid objective function combining normalized peak displacement and kinetic energy reduction. The optimization process is tested against fourteen near- and far-field earthquake scenarios, with an additional ten records used to validate performance. The findings reveal that, under fixed-base conditions, TMD and TMDI achieve the largest displacement reductions (37.6% and 37.5%, respectively), while PTMDI provides the greatest kinetic energy mitigation (56.4%). DSTMD shows moderate reductions in both responses (≈ 23% displacement, 29.3% energy). When soil–structure interaction is considered, the efficiency of all systems decreases. TMDI maintains the best displacement reduction (12.9%), whereas PTMDI offers the highest energy reduction (25.5%). Additional assessments of roof acceleration and base shear highlight important trade-offs, stressing the importance of a multidimensional evaluation. In summary, this research underscores the significance of energy-based metrics and the influence of the SSI effect in evaluating dampers. Instead of advocating for or against any specific system, the analysis offers a comparative perspective on their performance under various conditions, helping to inform decisions in performance-based seismic design. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
Enhancement of Corchorus Olitorius L. on Osteogenic Differentiation of MC3T3-E1 Pre-Osteoblast Cells by Increasing Alkaline Phosphatase and Hydroxyproline
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2025) Ertugruloglu, Pinar; Baris, Elif; Okkali, Gaye Sumer; Boke Sarikahya, Nazli
Corchorus olitorius L. (jute mallow or molehiya) belongs to the Malvaceae family valued for its nutritional and medicinal properties. In this study, the potential to enhance osteogenesis in MC3T3-E1(Murine Calvaria-derived 3T3 Subclone E1) pre-osteoblastic cells was investigated to support bone formation and mineralisation. Leaf ethanolic extract was prepared and applied to MC3T3-E1 cells. Osteogenic effects were evaluated through three methods: MTT assays for cell viability, Alizarin Red S staining for calcium deposition, enzymatic analyses for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hydroxyproline (HYP). A non-cytotoxic concentration of C. olitorius extract (0.5 mg/mL) significantly increased ALP and HYP levels, promoting osteogenic differentiation in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. HYP levels were notably elevated in differentiated cells. The findings suggested that C. olitorius extract may be a promising natural agent for enhancing bone health, warranting further in vivo and clinical studies to confirm its therapeutic potential.
Early Dynamics of the Collapse of a Wedge-Shaped Depression on a Water Free Surface
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2025) Ucar, Yagmur Ece; Kayaslan, Hamdi; Yilmaz, Oguz; Korobkin, Alexander A.
The early stage of a gravity-driven flow resulting from the sudden removal of a floating body is investigated. Initially, the fluid is at rest, with a rigid, symmetric wedge floating on its surface. The study focuses on the initial evolution of the wedge-shaped depression formed on the water's free surface. The fluid has finite depth, and the resulting flow is assumed to be governed by potential theory. The initial flow is described by a linear boundary-value problem, which is solved using conformal mapping and the theory of complex analytic functions. The behaviour of the flow velocity near the corner points of the fluid domain is analysed in detail. It is shown that the linear theory predicts a power-law singularity in the flow velocity at the vertex of the wedge-shaped depression, with the exponent depending on the wedge angle. As the cavity extends toward the bottom, the flow singularity at the vertex becomes stronger. The local flow near the vertex is shown to be self-similar at leading order in the short-time limit. At the other two corner points - where the initial free surface intersects the surface of the wedge - the linear theory predicts continuous velocities with singular velocity gradients. Theoretical predictions are compared with numerical results obtained using OpenFOAM. Good agreement is observed at short times, except in small vicinities of the corner points, where inner solutions are required. In practical applications, understanding the short-time behaviour of the depressions is important for predicting jet formation in regions of high surface curvature.
Novel Strut-Based Mechanical Analysis: Flow Stress Determination of Electron Beam Melt (EBM) Lattice Structures
(Springernature, 2025) Bin Riaz, Muhammad Arslan; Erten, Hacer Irem; Guden, Mustafa
In modeling lattices, the material flow stress equation, such as the Johnson and Cook (JC) equation, is usually determined from the mechanical tests conducted on bulk, relatively large test size specimens which were manufactured using the same process parameters with the lattices. However, the flow stresses of struts were shown in several studies to be significantly lower than those of large size test specimens. To overcome this discrepancy, a novel approach that combined the strut compression test, the strut double shear test (DST) and the numerical model of the strut DST using the JC equation was proposed. The study confirmed that the flow stress determined from the machined bulk tension test specimens overestimated the experimental compression stress-strain behavior of a body centered cubic (BCC) Ti6Al4V lattice. The flow stress parameters determined from the compression stress-strain curves of the as-printed strut specimens, on the other side, showed the best match to the experimental compression stress-strain behavior of the BCC lattice. The fidelity of the determined parameters of the JC equation was further verified with the experimental and numerical DSTs. It was also shown that the numerical iterations of DST model could be used for the fine-tuning the flow stress parameters.
Performance of Sheet Pile Walls With Rubber-Modified Backfill
(Springer, 2025) Ecemis, Nurhan; Kadekeshova, Kuralay; Khlaif, Ali Hamid
This study investigates the behavior of clean sand and sand-rubber mixtures used as backfill materials behind sheet pile walls under vertical loads. Physical model experiments were conducted to assess lateral displacement and pressure for backfills containing 10% granulated rubber (2.5-5 mm) under both dry and saturated conditions, and across varying backfill inclination angles. To complement the experiments, discrete element method (DEM) simulations were performed to capture the micromechanical behavior of sand-rubber mixtures, enabling analysis of particle-scale interactions. Material stiffness and friction parameters were calibrated through direct shear tests to ensure computational efficiency and accurate representation. Comparative analyses were conducted between the DEM simulations and the physical sheet pile tests across various sand-rubber backfill configurations. The results suggest that sand-rubber mixtures offer a practical and sustainable alternative for backfill applications, improving both mechanical performance and pressure mitigation. Furthermore, force chain development and deformation patterns were thoroughly examined to understand the role of micro parameters; such as particle contact behavior, porosity, internal friction, and stiffness of the rubber-sand composite backfill in reducing active earth pressure against sheet pile walls.
Molecular Engineering of Exchange Bias in Fe3GeTe2/Molecule Heterostructures
(Amer Chemical Soc, 2025) Sharma, Mayank; Jo, Junhyeon; Avedissian, Garen; Bayindir, Bertug; Kang, Jun; Sahin, Hasan; Hueso, Luis E.
Molecules offer a versatile route to tailor magnetism through chemical design and spin-state control. When integrated with surface-sensitive layered magnets, molecules can not only exhibit tunable magnetic properties or even activate distinct magnetic phases but can also interact with the layered magnets to manipulate their magnetic dynamics. Here, we demonstrate tunable exchange bias in hybrid heterostructures composed of the layered ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2 (FGT) and metallophthalocyanine (MPc) molecules having different central transition ions: MnPc, ZnPc, and H2Pc. The MnPc/FGT system exhibits a robust exchange bias of 1000 Oe at 10 K, with a record-high exchange bias-to-coercivity ratio of 0.37, attributed to the antiferromagnetic nature of MnPc. Surprisingly, the diamagnetic ZnPc induces a finite exchange bias of 200 Oe, highlighting the contribution of the emerging spinterface effect. In contrast, the metal-free H2Pc yields no exchange bias, underscoring the essential role of designed molecules for magnetic interaction. First-principles calculations reveal energetically favorable stacking configurations and spin alignments, in agreement with experimental observations. These results highlight the potential of molecular functionalization on magnetism, enabling the on-demand engineering of layered magnetic systems.

Browse

Recent Submissions